pecuniary sanctions

См. также в других словарях:

• CONFISCATION, EXPROPRIATION, FORFEITURE — Confiscation is mentioned once in the Bible as a quasi criminal sanction against disobedience to lawful orders (Ezra 10:8). Relying on this precedent, the rule was enunciated that courts are empowered to expropriate (hefker bet din; Git. 36b, Yev …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

• MESOPOTAMIA — The original article in the first edition of the Encyclopaedia Judaica traced Mesopotamian history to its earliest beginnings and provided a detailed survey of Mesopotamian literature and institutions. With the availability of such tools as J.… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

• DIVORCE — (Heb. גֵּרוּשִׁין), the formal dissolution of the marriage bond. IN THE BIBLE Divorce was accepted as an established custom in ancient Israel (cf. Lev. 21:7, 14; 22:13; Num. 30:10; Deut. 22:19, 29). In keeping with the other cultures of the Near… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

• MAINTENANCE — (Heb. מְזוֹנוֹת, mezonot), generally speaking, the supply of all the necessaries of the party entitled thereto, i.e., not only food, but also matters such as medical expenses, raiment, lodging, etc. (Sh. Ar., EH 73:7; see husband and wife ). When …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

• Foreign relations of South Africa — The foreign relations of South Africa have spanned from the country s time as Dominion and later Realm of the British Empire to its isolationist policies under Apartheid to its position as a responsible international actor taking a key role in… …   Wikipedia

• Iran — /i ran , i rahn , uy ran /, n. a republic in SW Asia. 67,540,002; ab. 635,000 sq. mi. (1,644,650 sq. km). Cap.: Teheran. Formerly (until 1935), Persia. * * * Iran Introduction Iran Background: Known as Persia until 1935, Iran became an Islamic… …   Universalium

• Natural justice — A tondo of an allegory of justice (1508) by Raphael in the Stanza della Segnatura (Room of the Apostolic Signatura) of the Apostolic Palace, Vatican City …   Wikipedia

• AGUNAH — (Heb. עֲגוּנָה; lit. tied, cf. Ruth 1:13), married woman who for whatsoever reason is separated from her husband and cannot remarry, either because she cannot obtain a divorce from him (see divorce ), or because it is unknown whether he is still… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

• HASSAGAT GEVUL — (Heb. הָסַּגַת גְּבוּל), a concept which originally had specific reference to the unlawful taking of another s land; later it was extended to embrace encroachment on various economic, commercial, and incorporeal rights of others. Encroachment on… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

• liability — li·a·bil·i·ty /ˌlī ə bi lə tē/ n pl ties 1: the quality or state of being liable 2: something for which one is liable: as a: a financial obligation: debt tax liability the bonds …   Law dictionary

• MISHPAT IVRI — This article is arranged according to the following outline: definition and terminology RELIGIOUS HALAKHAH AND LEGAL HALAKHAH common features law and morals de oraita and de rabbanan distinguishing between the two categories legal consequences of …   Encyclopedia of Judaism